"I think it is right to robustly correct misapprehensions.
In order to robustly correct for multiple hypothesis tests, we used positive false discovery rate (FDR) method to adjust each P from 23 hypothesis tests.
As demonstrated by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium and many subsequent case control studies, such studies can powerfully and efficiently facilitate genetic discovery and can quantify and robustly correct for any population structure [ 34– 40].
By utilizing the technique of instrumental variables, bias from multiple noise sources can be robustly corrected without computing the parameters of the noise distribution.
Importantly, we found that even under very high noise levels (SNR = 0dB, comparable to the SNR of our empirical data), and therefore poor model fit, the model nevertheless (i) yielded efficient estimates of parameters, enabling us to infer and track the trial-to-trial dynamics of subjective beliefs from reaction time data, and (ii) robustly disambiguated correct and wrong models.
Results in Table 1 show that the method can robustly identify the correct regulatory model even if the parameters are varied by 100 fold.
For the second group of simulations, similar to results observed for the first group, when population structure is easy to resolve, ADMIXTURE robustly identifies the correct value of K (shown in Figure 2A).
Here, we asked if CTen could robustly rank the correct cell types by repeating the procedure described above - now using a list of the top 2, 3,…, 10% most highly expressed genes for the selected tissues and lymphocytes, resulting in 90 test lists.
Complementing a rapidly evolving locus such as the trnH-psbA spacer with a more conservative locus (such as the coding locus rbcL) can minimize type I errors (such that sequences are robustly assigned to the correct genus at least) and type II errors (higher rates of sequence divergence can discriminate among closely allied species in highly speciose genera).
That neurons robustly form synapses with the correct partner, while avoiding unsuitable targets, is therefore especially important to ensure correct information transmission and eliminate inappropriate crosstalk between circuits.
For instance, two timing and synchronization monitors were implemented in a distributed way, to robustly verify that timing is correct during training sessions.
