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A 2003 paper by Lawrence Katz, Steven D. Levitt and Ellen Shustorovich published in The American Law and Economics Review found a "a strong and robust negative relationship" between prison conditions, as measured by the number of deaths in prison from any cause, and the crime rate.
Robust negative transfer measurements are difficult to define.
While the resonant peaks lead to robust negative differential resistance (NDR) behaviors.
Our empirical analysis points to a robust negative relationship between these two pillars of fiscal and social policy.
In total, the treatment effects from PSM reveal a robust negative effect on training, while providing an effective strategy to equalize pre-treatment trends.
They find a robust negative link between slave trades and trust, i.e., individuals whose ancestors were more exposed to the slave trade are today less trusting.
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We defined a random regression sire model, in which a random slope was estimated for each sire to assess whether a bull had robust (neutral or positive slopes) or non-robust (negative slopes) daughters.
However, the tendency is only modest, and it is not very robust — the negative relationship comes solely as a result from the sequence of debates 1992.
The paper's results cast substantial doubts on the conventional view that suggests a robust and negative relationship between trade openness and inflation.
Basically, OLLA modifies the SNR thresholds by an offset [4, 5] which can be positive (making the MCS selection more robust) or negative (when the CQI selection was too strict).
For example, it challenges Mahmoud, Rapoport, Steinmayr, and Trebesch (2013) who identify a robust and negative effect of emigration to the West on the votes for the Communist Party in the Moldovan elections (2009 10) and who argue: "exit and voice can be complementary in bringing political change and jointly contribute to the global diffusion of democracy" (Mahmoud et al., 2013:2013
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com