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The research operationalizes sprawl through population density, housing unit density, roadway length density, and housing unit density measured against roadway density.
The roadline calculation step is user-specified and delivers a number n of cross-sections where n is defined as the total roadway length divided by a selected calculation step.
Here, for example, total roadway length produced the strongest concentration estimates in our urban neighborhoods.
Total roadway length within varying buffer radii provided useful traffic indicators for each pollutant.
For the full cohort, no indicator was exchangeable with roadway length within 200 meters of the home.
As an initial assessment, we constructed wind-weighted versions of our roadway length variables within 200 m radii.
Similar(34)
While correlated, total roadway lengths within various buffers were not interchangeable in predictive models.
The range of 50-meter roadway lengths observed predicts a NO2 range of 15.4 to 20.9 ppb.
Final LUR models included the following variables: traffic counts, roadway lengths, distance to truck routes, land use characteristics, coordinates of the sampling sites, and satellite-derived soil brightness.
We found that traffic indicators not reliant on ADT estimates (i.e. roadway lengths) provided more stable predictors in the residential settings in our study.
Roadway lengths were multiplied by average daily traffic counts, and summed to estimate a total traffic density covariate within 100 m buffers around each of the 25 mobile monitoring stops.
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