Road surface in urban area is extracted with SVM classifier, and Gabor filter is used for further refinement.
Road lighting illuminates road surface and surrounding areas of objects on a road, while car headlights illuminate vertical objects on a road.
This means that "curbs or anywhere where there is a strong contrast between the road surface and the adjacent area, like grass or dirt or gravel," will set off the system.
Near the tyre/road contact area, the road surface and the tyre belt form a horn-like geometry, which provides a significant amplification mechanism for sound sources.
In 1995, major reconstruction work along Grand River Avenue in East Lansing uncovered rotting logs, buried about 2 feet below the present grade, that had been used as underlayment for the plank road surface in a low, swampy area.
In city after city, the indicators of urban "metabolism," like the number of gas stations or the total surface area of roads, showed that when a city doubles in size, it requires an increase in resources of only 85percentt.
"I can take these laws and make precise predictions about the number of violent crimes and the surface area of roads in a city in Japan with 200,000 people.
For each meshblock the total volume of tephra requiring removal was determined based on our thickness thresholds, and by calculating the volume of tephra on different surfaces using the surface area of roads, building footprint (as a proxy for roof area) and other impervious surfaces (e.g., car parks, driveways) (Fig. 6).
This was explained by a decrease in the contrast between the target area and the road surface due to the cumulative effects of headlights and luminaires.
In this study the 400 MHz ground-coupled antenna was used to image potential subsurface voids and these were then confirmed (or not) by drilling boreholes in that area through the road surface.
