Sentence examples for rna pathway from inspiring English sources

RDR-2, a RNA-dependant-RNA-polymerase-2, is involved in chromatin modifying via small-interfering RNA pathway [ 40].

Very recently a germ plasm-specific small RNA pathway has been identified, in which a new type of small RNAs called PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) or repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNAs) play a role in ensuring the genomic stability of germline cells by silencing certain endogenous genetic elements such as retrotransposons and repetitive sequences [ 3- 8].

Alternatively, loss of Dicer may enhance other small RNA pathway by conceding effecter molecules that are necessary for both small RNA pathways.

However, it is clear from recent investigations that small RNA pathways are not down regulated, but transcript levels of various small RNA pathway genes show dynamic and complex changes during male gametophyte development [ 17].

The existence of a active late pollen small RNA transcriptome had remained in doubt following an early analysis of small RNA pathway gene expression [ 16], but subsequent studies have detected a range of small RNAs in late pollen development [ 20, 21, 17, 19].

The new results suggest there may exist "an alternative pathway that involves the transmission of hereditary information via RNA," and that in special circumstances the RNA pathway can modify the information in the DNA pathway, Dr. Pruitt said.

An important number of miRNAs that are regulated by M. oryzae elicitors are known to be involved in small RNA pathways, including miRNA and heterochromatic pathways.

We also examine the evolutionary relationship among plant species of both their miRNAs and the key enzymatic components of the small RNA pathways.

In this paper, we review the current understanding of plant small RNA pathways, including the biogenesis and function of miRNAs, siRNAs, trans-acting siRNAs, and heterochromatic siRNAs.

The translation of these discoveries to rice and other species, combined with both forward and reverse genetics approaches used directly in those species, is facilitating the elucidation of plant small RNA pathways and activities.

Finally we provide an overview of similar molecular machineries across species where related small RNA pathways appear to drive the epigenetic reprogramming in germ cells and/or during early development in metazoans.