Exact(1)
In analogy to the ideal class-G case[26] the mean average deviation (MAD) of the LD output voltage for the cases when the Gaussian distributed output signal is below and above the threshold Vth = (V L −Vdrop) is given as V MAD, Low = 2 Π V rms ( 1 − e − V th 2 2 V rms 2 ), (7).
Similar(59)
Table 1 shows that the addition of the fault on the PHS significantly improved the RMS (<1 mm/year).
Supported by NIH P50CA90388 (klr; raf; mdb; smd; rme; rms), HL66027 and CA87879 (rms), the GLAVAHS Career Development Award and the Phase One Foundation (klr).
Consider (2) RMS = 1 n ∑ i = 0 n − 1 J i 2, with J = d F d t. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
It provides a measure of the magnitude of the varying quantity and is defined as (5) RMS = 1 N ∑ i = 0 N − 1 x i 2, where a signal represented by a time-series x t) can be calculated as the root of the mean of the squares for all samples in the signal.
Three statistical clusters were identified in juveniles collected from RM 1 to RM 17, from RM 37 to RM 77, and from RM 80 to RM 107 (Fernandez et al. 2004).
Fish were collected from seven sites in the Hudson River estuary (RM 1, RM 11, RM 18, RM 37, RM 43, RM 80, and RM 90) and transported to the laboratory, where they were maintained separately by site in 100-gallon aquaria filled with 20 ppt seawater at 12°C for at least 21 days before experimentation.
Third, juvenile tomcod from four Hudson River sites (RM 1, RM 43, RM 80, and RM 90) were compared with laboratory-reared tomcod juveniles from Newark Bay in the western Hudson River estuary.
The root mean square of the surface roughness, RRMS, was calculated by the following equation [16]: R RMS = 1 N ∑ n = 1 N r n 2 (1).
The surface roughness of cells was calculated using the following equation: (6) x rms = 1 n ∑ M 2 where n is the number of samples, and M is the thickness of the EC layer.
The composite film shown in Figure 3-B is rougher (RMS = 2,7 nm) than TiO2 film (RMS = 1,4 nm) in Figure 3-A, due to this morphology.
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