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(A story that frames benefits only in relative [not absolute] risk reduction terms is likely to get an unsatisfactory score).
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The risk reduction in terms of rectal cancer was only 8% and the result of those previous meta-analyses that analysed various types of oral fluorinated pyrimidine clinical trials was not sufficient to show a significant effect on survival.
"It's risk reduction, short term, for a subset of women we cannot identify".
When selecting strategies, fire managers have displayed the discounting bias (overemphasizing short-term risk reduction over longer-term considerations), the status quo bias (reverting to suppressing all fires relative to allowing fires to burn for ecological considerations), and the loss aversion bias (preferring safe options when consequences are framed as potential gains) (Wilson et al. 2011).
However, more than 50% of the sample were willing to pay additional local taxes for measures to reduce these risks by reducing nutrient inputs to Loch Leven (mean = £16.60/household/year; standard error = £1.00/household/year), with higher values being associated with larger risk reductions in terms of the number of days per year when cyanobacteria present risks to humans.
Future studies could explore whether GPs are sensitive to the patients' assessment of treatment effectiveness when expressed in terms of more traditional effect measures such as absolute or relative risk reduction, or in terms of qualitative statements such as "this treatment effect is good (or bad)".
The assessment included calculated risk reduction in monetary terms of houses and inhabitants impacted by floods (water depth, flow velocity, and duration).
Information on risk reduction in absolute terms is necessary to make rational choices, but relative risks may be frequently used in practice.
Risk reduction from short-term use of oral contraceptives (≤48 months) did not differ significantly by family history (combined estimate of odds ratio, 0.72; 90% CI, 0.59%-0.87%).
Risk reduction from long-term use of oral contraceptives (>48 months) was greater in women with a positive family history of ovarian cancer (odds ratio, 0.12) than in women with a negative family history of ovarian cancer (odds ratio, 0.51; test of interaction, P =.04; 692 case patients, 1279 control subjects).
Our meta-analysis shows that the relative risk reduction from long term statin use in a primary care setting is comparable to that observed in secondary prevention.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com