While for the case of stochastic error model, we maximize the outage constrained secrecy rate.
These figures illustrate the large extent of gene-tree heterogeneity in this dataset, which probably reflects the large effect of stochastic error on individual gene-tree inference.
In the case of "stochastic error" it may have been that the probe set used for Anchored Hybrid Enrichment most likely captured loci sharing similar attributes.
Then, the propagation of stochastic errors is analyzed.
Each dilution step was performed three times into the same tube (to minimize impact of stochastic errors).
Thus, the stability of the stochastic error system can be analyzed through its equivalent deterministic one.
The accuracy assessment is accomplished with help of exterior reference and stochastic error propagation.
Based on modeling and error analysis, stochastic error of inertial sensor, measurement noise, modeling error and environmental disturbance are formulated into different types of disturbances described by a Markov stochastic process, Gaussian noise and a norm-bounded variable, respectively.
In general the stochastic error of edges rose but the same basic topology was retrieved.
Following [54], we estimated the 94% confidence intervals for clade ages given the stochastic error of rate variation along branches.
