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Root canal irrigation carries a risk of extrusion of irrigant into the periapical tissues.
Traditionally, wound closure sutures have in common the need to tie knots with the inherent risk of extrusion, palpability, microinfarcts, breakage, and slippage.
Carved autologous costal cartilage and porous polyethylene implants (Medpor) are the most common approaches for total ear reconstruction, but these approaches may have inconsistent cosmetic outcomes, a high risk of extrusion, or other surgical complications.
However, it may increase the risk of extrusion of the solution [ 13].
Also, the risk of extrusion of sealer apically is increased with the warm technique [ 17,19].
1 3 Tissue ingrowth through the pores allows for biointegration, which reduces the risk of extrusion and exposure.
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Another critical issue during laser-driven activation is the risk of apical extrusion of irrigants.
Hydroxyapatite implants are the most common type due to their porous nature allowing for ingrowth of host fibrovascular tissue reducing the risk of migration, extrusion and infection.
Chen et al. [ 9] reaffirmed that there is a risk of cement extrusion outside of the vertebral body when being injected through a cannulated screw with proximally located radial holes near the posterior cortex of the vertebral body.
However, if the flow is excessive, the risk of sealer extrusion beyond apical foramen is increased, which could damage periodontal tissues or important anatomical structures such as inferior alveolar nerve or maxillary sinus [ 25].
In another technique (as we did in this series) the muscles were cut near their insertions to the globe and left without suturing to the implant nor in front of the implant, with meticulous suturing of the tissues anterior to the implant to decrease the risk of implant extrusion or exposure.
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