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According to learning theory [ 26], minimizing 1 n w T (X T P X ) w corresponds to empirical risk minimization, whereas minimizing the objective in Eq. (10) corresponds to structural risk minimization that improves the generalizability of the resultant model.
Empirical risk minimization.
Maximum-likelihood estimation and empirical risk minimization.
Counterfactual Risk Minimization: Learning from logged bandit feedback, ICML, 2015.
POEM performs counterfactual risk minimization on logged bandit feedback data.
Counterfactual Risk Minimization: Learning from Logged Bandit Feedback.
Two basic methods for learning: (i) Empirical Risk Minimization, (ii) Nearest neighbor classification.
Document language models, query models, and risk minimization for information retrieval.
Until now, McConnell has said very little in public, operating what could be called a strategy of political risk minimization.
The framework is exacting and comprehensive, committing governments to a wide variety of risk minimization measures, taxes, regulations and prohibitions – including on investment.
What is lost in the discussion of these sophisticated strategies is the basic fact that risk minimization is not risk elimination.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com