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Our proposed approach ensures that the most suitable species are selected for testing and that the resulting data provide the most rigorous test of the risk hypothesis of no adverse effect in order to increase the quality and efficiency of ERAs for cultivation of GE crops.
RESULTS: The findings support the cumulative risk hypothesis that the number of risks in early childhood predicts behavior problems in adolescence.
A risk hypothesis has to be formulated to test whether the identified hazard falls below the existing LoCs for a relevant protection goal.
Moreover, there are specific GMP risk hypothesis for this indicator, for instance for Bt maize, like the affected caterpillar development resulting from consuming deposited GM maize pollen on their fodder plants [42 46].
The testing strategy has to be driven by a coherent research risk hypothesis and strategy from the lowest to the highest tier of testing - a 'red thread' connecting the tiered testing programme is essential.
The operator can ask to be freed from certain tests referring to the fact that on previous steps no adverse effects have been noticed, but only under the condition that the waiver relates to a risk hypothesis which was tested within the previous step.
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As also unpredicted effects must be explored the submission of data is not bound to risk hypotheses.
Developing and ranking adverse effect scenarios and formulating testable risk hypotheses are key elements of our approach.
The possibility of requiring monitoring does however not allow the competent authority to shift the testing of grounded risk hypotheses to the monitoring stage.
LoCs have to be defined for long-term effects if they are likely to occur and if appropriate risk hypotheses can be formulated.
Several risk hypotheses for a transgene spread into non-agricultural habitats via feral and volunteer maize plants are already discussed [19].
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