For instance, when (p=20), the risk-adjusted return of our approach is 1.1577, and the risk deviation is 0.0063, while the result of Bertsimas and Sim [14] are 1.1473 and 0.0126.
As we can see from Figure 1, Figure 2, Table 1, Table 2, comparing the results of Figure 3 and Figure 4 we see that our approach can get better risk-adjusted returns than Bertsimas and Sim [14] with the same protection level, while the risk deviation is significantly smaller than Bertsimas and Sim [14].
With regard to insulin glargine, the decreased risk of colon cancer and the increased risk of breast cancer were nearly similar; however, for prostate cancer, no risk deviations could be found.
For inference about causal mechanisms, epidemiologists have often relied on a single criterion, the additivity of risk differences, considering deviation from risk difference additivity (RDA) to be the single appropriate metric for examination of biological interaction (Ahlbom and Alfredsson 2005).
Sarwoko and Agoes (2014) showed that auditor's industry specialization has influence on financial and high quality auditing in detecting fraud, this is because deep perception and high auditor's experience in special industry of client in the processes of business, business risks and important deviation risk in financial statements plays an important role.
Blackrock's Mr Fisher defines risk as "deviation from objective", on the upside as well as the downside.
Risk: Standard deviation of daily share returns during the first month of aftermarket trading (Demsetz and Lehn 1985; Leech and Leahy 1991).
This kind of representation is used in financial market theory with the aim of assessing the existing trade-offs in terms of the expected profit (mean) versus the possible risk (standard deviation) when a possible investment is considered.
Therefore, when an individual sees other footprints in his vicinity in the direction of the destination, he may decide to take the risk of deviation somewhat from his own path to pass over that area and adopt the track in the intersection of the solution sets generated by other individuals.
In order to assess influences on prescribing practice, demographic parameters, European region and antibiotic class were investigated for associated risk of deviation from the BNFC daily dose recommendation using univariate logistic regression analysis.
In univariate logistic regression analysis BW ≤1500 g; GA ≤32 weeks, PMA <29 weeks; 1st minute Apgar score ≤3; 5th minute Apgar score ≤7, treatment in West-European NICU and glycopeptide class prescription were associated with higher risk of deviation from the BNFC recommended dose.
