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Core and rim cells were separately lysed with Lysis Binding Buffer.
Stationary (core) and migratory (rim) cells were harvested under an inverse microscope (Axiovert 100, Zeiss, NY) using a P20 pipette in four independent biological replicates.
Core and rim cells were separately lysed with Trizol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA).
For microarray experiments, stationary (core) and migratory (rim), cells were harvested under an inverse microscope (Axiovert 100, Zeiss, NY) using P2 pipette in three independent biological replicates.
In order to identify genes whose expression was consistently up- or down-regulated in rim cells as compared to their corresponding core cells across all cell lines, a pattern recognition approach integrating a priori knowledge about transcriptional differences between rim and core populations was employed.
Crossing points of target gene vs. housekeeping gene Histone 3A were used to calculate relative fold up-/down-regulation in the invasive cells with the following formula: F = 2(IH - IG )- CH - CG ), adapted from [ 21], where F = fold difference, C = core cells, I = invasive rim cells, G = gene of interest, H = housekeeping (Histone 3A).
Similar(54)
Evaluation of the surface temperatures of head (Thead), thorax (Tthorax) and abdomen (Tabdomen), and of cell rim and cell base (Tcell rim, Tcell base) was done from the files after the measurements, with AGEMA Research software (FLIR) controlled by a custom programmed Excel VBA macro.
Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of sectioned spheroids confirmed these finding and highlighted a concentric rim of cells in the periphery with cell-cell connections and multi-cellular aggregation, with cells sparsely adherent near the porous space adjacent to the center of the spheroid.
In the periphery of the tumor a characteristic rim of cells will remain viable after treatment [ 33, 34].
Proliferation occurs predominantly on the outer rim, with cells in the interior being quiescent because of space inhibition or becoming necrotic because of oxygen or glucose deprivation.
A chronic decrease of the glucose concentration in the medium is associated with a substantial reduction in the thickness of the viable rim of cells and with a persistent increase in the cellular respiration rate.
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