The continental crust is set from the surface to a depth of 32 km, below which rigid mantle is set down to a depth of 70 km.
Such a rigid, top-down regime left many police demoralised, the report said, with a number taking time off or even quitting the force.
It has experimented with bottom-up networked approaches to challenge the rigid, top-down, party driven system that has dominated Spanish political life since 1978.
Efforts to produce a more rigid, top-down multinational agreement have foundered, as have moves to promote a global tax on carbon, which many economists advocate.
In the arena of agriculture, Poland, a new member state, is the latest victim of the union's rigid, top-down dictates.
He says he was struck by how declining Mid-Western plants had a rigid, top-down approach to decision-making, while their Japanese rivals placed a responsibility for success on everyone (an overly rosy view of Japan's collectivism, perhaps, given the clunkiness of many of its big firms).
Another technique in vogue in the late 1980s was a rigid top-down design methodology.
The rigid top-down corporate hierarchies left over from the manufacturing revolution are giving way to flatter, more flexible, more agile structures that more closely resemble the fluid, intricate relationships between neurons.
The Ruapehu crisis was exacerbated by relatively rigid, top-down, siloed management structures at local and regional levels which did not cope well with the impacts occurring across a complex multi-jurisdictional setting (Paton et al. [1998]).
The project shares in the spirit of his street interventions that challenge the rigid bolted-down normalcy of the cityscape.
