Changes in cover and taxon richness were less variable than proportional turnover metrics, indicating that dominant and common species have strong effects on total production and do not change in cover or distribution as much as minor and uncommon species.
In most cases (Fig. 5a) direct relaxation time increases with dispersal, because the importance of individual sources in maintaining local species richness is less important as dispersal increases.
Comparing species richness with functional richness is less problematical when the degrees of freedom are the same and this has been done several times in the literature [38], [39], [40], [41], [42].
At the end of the 17-year study period, species totals and richness were less, and most species had lower seed bank densities and cover values.
Selection is expected to increase the frequency of favourable alleles, which would reduce the expected heterozygosity, while the richness is less affected by selection, compared to the expected heterozygosity; this would be favoured by the greater population size.
This creates the possibility that, irrespective of bandwidth, the dynamic effects of social context create a situation where media richness is less important to the effectiveness of the group than might be assumed.
Importantly, these repeats, despite their TG-richness, are less prone to fold into G-quadruplexes (Tran et al. 2011), and it has been shown that in these organisms, the telomere-binding proteins are fast evolving (Teixeira and Gilson 2005).
Compared to epiphytes, the endophytic fungal diversity and richness in knots was less impacted, suggesting endophytes are less sensitivity to OK disease.
Allelic richness (averaged across loci) was less variable than mtDNA over time, ranging from 16.2 (2010) to 17.3 (1997), and differences in mean allelic richness among years (Table 2) were not significant (single factor anova, P = 0.584).
Total species richness was much less sensitive to land cover change than composition indicators, because of contrasting species-specific response patterns.
