Most proposed methods for combining simple measures of the difference between active and placebo treatments cannot make such assertions and often assume a normal distribution of differences; an often rich assumption, [ 12, 23] especially with the frequent use of nominal scales [ 11].
In contrast, Frisch (2005) argues for an interpretation of classical electrodynamics that relies on "rich causal assumptions", understood in explicitly interventionist terms.
In urban scenarios where there is rich multipath, the assumption that targets are stationary may not necessarily be true, i.e., urban targets are often moving, albeit slowly.
Mr. Majeed said his collectors now use individual electric bills to track down rich evaders, on the assumption that high bills mean air-conditioning, which means wealth.
But if you think that wine, steak and omelets are simply part of a sensible diet, if you don't accept the assumption that rich food is deadly, there is no paradox.
In a relevant work [33], the authors use the average size of airtime credit purchases as a proxy of the relative wealth of an individual based on the assumption that rich people can make larger purchases than poor people.
We cannot hope to answer such questions here; Larson's paper is extremely rich in further assumptions, links to the previous literature, and additional classes of data that he aims to explain.
These and other restrictive criteria have been the reason for allowing hedge funds to operate with far less S.E.C. regulation than mutual funds, on the sound assumption that the rich and powerful can look after themselves.
As Galbraith tirelessly pointed out during the 1980s, President Reagan's policy of cutting taxation at the top end of the scale, and welfare benefits at the bottom, was based on the curious assumption that the rich were not working properly because they had too little money, the poor because they had too much.
The channel statistics may vary depending on the building structures but due to rich scattering the Rayleigh fading assumption of is a good approximation although it fails when there is a line-of-sight between transmitter and receiver.
