Biological entities (e.g. bird) are species rich, responds to a broad range of environmental conditions, and are relatively immobile and live in close contact with water body, thereby having the potential for exposure to stresses via both anthropogenic and natural pathways (Brazner et al. 2007).
The near-rich respond by building bigger houses as well, shifting the frame of reference for others just below them, and so on, all the way down the income ladder.
So far most governments have focused on raising marginal income-tax rates, something most rich people respond to quickly (see article).
I do believe that the great moral test of our time is how the rich countries respond to the AIDS crisis.
Perhaps the most controversial conclusion, made by Mr. Saez and two colleagues in another study published last December, is that while the rich would respond to a big tax increase by shielding income from the tax man and maybe working less, this would not slow the economy at all.
Asia's economic problems could have much nastier consequences if politicians in rich economies respond badly to Asia's narrowing current-account deficits over the next year as countries reduce imports and increase exports.As these deficits shrink, America's external deficit will certainly widen.
It seems the rich do respond to tax incentives.
But HM Revenue & Customs believes that rich people respond to incentives.
They find that both poor and rich households respond to the receipt of income, with the poorest households spending 70percentt more when they get paid than they would on an average day and the richest households spending 40percentt more.
Yet it mustn't be forgotten that, when the global banking system was threatened, the world's rich economies responded with programmes to print €7tn of quantitative easing to keep the financial system afloat, ie twice that thought to be required to deal with climate change in vulnerable countries.
