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"A rhythmic stimulus.
In the presence of a rhythmic stimulus, the vertebrate CPG frequency tends to approach the frequency of that stimulus, a phenomenon known as entrainment.
Then consider a CPG subjected to a rhythmic stimulus at a frequency (omega_{mathrm{f}}), close to ω. Denote by (omega^_{i}) the average frequency of the ith oscillator in the chain during forcing, which may or may not be equal to the forcing frequency (omega_{mathrm{f}}).
This study showed that young children find it difficult to entrain to a purely auditory rhythmic stimulus, or to a visible drum-beating robot.
Specifically, it is not clear whether the repetition of the sequence of body movements, i.e. a repetitive (or rhythmic) stimulus, has a repetitive (rhythmic) impact on cardiac autonomic control.
For example, low-frequency oscillations in the primary auditory as well as in the primary visual cortex were observed to adapt their phase to rhythmic stimulus input (e.g., Lakatos, Karmos, Mehta, Ulbert, & Schroeder, 2008; Lakatos, Chen, O'Connell, Mills, & Schroeder, 2007).
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In the visual modality, short rhythmic stimuli have been proven to be better processed (sequentially) by the left hemisphere, while longer rhythms appear to be better (holistically) processed by the right hemisphere.
For this purpose, baseline levels of BOLD activity were obtained from 12 subjects during a conventional-baseline condition: maintained fixation of the visual rhythmic stimuli presented in the VM task, and a random-baseline condition: maintained fixation of visual stimuli occurring randomly.
Beat and nonbeat rhythmic stimuli were used.
Previous electrophysiological studies in nonhuman primates have focused on phase locking to rhythmic stimuli in primary auditory cortex.
This finding, together with prior studies, demonstrates that the putamen responds to beat perception during rhythm discrimination, pitch deviant detection in rhythmic stimuli, and beat-rating tasks (Grahn and Brett 2007; Grahn and Rowe 2009).
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