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Such substitution costs may arise due to a variety of reasons: the cost of the reworking required on an item to make it substitutable for the other, loss of a customer's goodwill due to substitution, etc. Deterioration of physical goods in stock is a very realistic feature and there is a big need to consider it in the inventory modelling of substitutable items.
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The developed three-station quality management model has the potential to decrease the overall cost of a project by reducing the fabrication rework required as well as by avoiding costly and time-consuming site assembly realignments, which are often caused by defects in the fabrication and delivery processes.
At the same time, Parson Street Junction was reworked, requiring trains to first cross from the Down Main line to the Up Main line before they were able to access the Portishead Branch.
A spokesperson said: "It is not unexpected that IT requirements evolve on a long-term programme of reform and that some rework was required.
But even after 6 months of effort, every unit shipped to the US office still required reworking.
Rework maintenance activities required 84 technicians (Table 3).
Rework maintenance activity required the lowest number of total maintenance worker (27 maintenance workers).
There is also significant benefit in previewing design work directly on the devices you're targeting – that way you can see how the layout and graphical assets will render and reduce the amount of rework that is required as the assets move into production.
Wide use of performance-based contracts has also required a reworking of purchasing policies for public agencies.
In Syracuse a number of projects touted as economic development subsequently have required bailouts, reworking, further tax abatements or debt restructuring–even, embarrassingly enough, the headquarters building of the Greater Syracuse Chamber of Commerce.
Addressing these issues for metabolic systems has required extensive reworking and modification of databases to ensure that they can be used for and facilitate modelling applications [ 31].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com