Rebound or post-rewarming fever was not always suppressed using controlled rewarming [165, 170 172].
Moreover, the outcome is compared with a similar study reported previously using a 3-fold higher rate of rewarming (186 ± 13 °C/min).
It has been shown that long-term survival after induction of therapeutic hypothermia is also influenced by the rate of rewarming [46].
With regard to administering potassium to correct hypokalemia, if observed, during hypothermia, potassium should only be administered to replace actual measured losses from gastrointestinal or urinary routes to prevent hyperkalemia and arrhythmias upon rewarming [42].
Once again, analysis of PaO2 differs between these two studies and thus limits comparison: Janz et al. use the highest PaO2 [27], whereas Lee et al. use the mean PaO2 using 8 arterial blood gas from ROSC to rewarming [34].
Rationale: Several studies showed that TTM at 34 35 °C could lower ICP [70, 75, 78 84], while this effect was not confirmed elsewhere [71, 72], and a raised in ICP was seen during rewarming [69].
After left craniectomy, the microvascular network of the frontal cortex was evaluated using sidestream dark-field videomicroscopy (Microscan, MicroVision Medical, Netherlands) at baseline (T0), 1 hour after cooling induction (T1), at the end of hypothermia (T2) and after rewarming (T3).
One case report was published and reported ST depression only from lead V3 to V6 with the appearance of an Osborn wave occurring in an 80-year-old woman with a core body temperature of less than 30°C (86°F), and ST depression was recovered after rewarming [23].
Rapid rewarming time could minimize the total amount of detrimental reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced, despite the extraordinarily high metabolic rate during rewarming [27], [36], [37].
(T0 = baseline; T1 = end of CPB-assisted rewarming; T2 = end of 60 min intravenous infusion).
The preliminary data of this pilot study, presented as an abstract at the American Heart Association Meeting in Orlando, USA, in November 2011, showed a decrease of temperature to 34°C within 9 minutes, the maintenance phase of 32.5°C was 24 hours in cardiac arrest patients (rewarming 16 hours) and 3 hours maintenance in myocardial infarction patients (rewarming 5 hours).
