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"Girls and women outperform men at every stage in education, but time after time this success is not translated into rewards at work.
Under traditional Chinese culture, these women may need to work harder than men to obtain the same rewards at work while also being mainly responsible for housework.
The model assumes, still, that a person with a motivational pattern to work excessively and with great need of reward will respond inflexibly to the imbalance between effort and rewards at work, being the most stressed and prone to getting ill.
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The minority of men who don't make time with their families a top priority are rewarded at work.
Preliminary favourable results from intervention studies that increase control and reward at work by implementing theory-based organizational changes support this notion [ 53].
In terms of theories of stressful experience, these threats to occupational status affect workers mental and physical health as they undermine essential feelings of continued control and reward at work [ 21].
The former concept posits that jobs defined by high demands in combination with low decision latitude or task control are stressful [ 8], whereas the latter model is based on the notion of failed contractual reciprocity between efforts spent and rewards received at work, where rewards include money, promotion prospects, job security, and esteem [ 9].
The model of effort reward imbalance posits that lack of reciprocity between efforts spent and rewards obtained at work (high effort and low reward) elicits strain.
"People are working harder, for longer, for less, with a few at the top getting the big rewards, insecurity at work for the many.
There is a kind of high-risk, high-reward play at work with regard to the preferred shares, but the common shares are largely thought to be entirely out of the money as a result of the bailout.
Although few studies in Poland have addressed psychosocial factors associated with alcohol misuse, one study found that a perceived imbalance in the effort-to-reward ratio at work was associated with binge drinking, increased overall alcohol intake, and problem drinking [24].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com