Exact(32)
The subMDPs choose different actions, with different rewards, i.e., α≠β with r α ≠r β.
In particular, the environment responds to the actions through rewards, i.e., numerical values that the agent tries to maximize over time.
Impulsivity is associated with steeper discounting of delayed rewards (i.e., the perceived value of a delayed reward is smaller).
However, the evidence of adverse health effects is stronger for high efforts and low rewards (i.e., high ERI) than for overcommitment [ 6, 7].
In the present review, we bring forward the hypothesis that plants could maximize ant-derived rewards (i.e. defence) through secondary metabolite-mediated ant manipulation (see Fig. 4).
But consider the rewards, I argued.
Similar(28)
The reward, i.e. the possibility to stay on the earth floor, lasted for 4 min.
Results from the current study demonstrated that subjects rewarded with a high calorie reward (i.e., sugar) made significantly fewer choices for a variable option than subjects rewarded with a lower calorie reward (i.e., grain).
Again, by taking logarithms and assuming a constant relative risk-averse form, I obtain ln V i reward i, probability i, timedelay i = ln probability i + β * 1 timedelay i – δ * timedelay i + γ * ln reward i. (10).
By taking the logarithm of both sides, I obtain ln V i reward i, probability i, timedelay i = ln probability i – δ * timedelay i + γ * ln reward i (8).
Stress may induce eating in the absence of hunger, possibly involving changes in food reward, i.e. 'liking' and 'wanting'wanting
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com