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Correspondingly, positive prediction errors to an unpredicted reward increase, because the repeated absence of reward makes the reward less expected and the delivery of reward becomes more surprising.
Here, PPS females appear to perseverate with a behavior that is no longer appropriate for the situation (nosepoking into the food tray instead of selecting a lever) as delays to a large reward increase.
Regarding this reciprocal one-odor paradigm, we show that 2) paired presentations of an odor with a reward increase odor preference above baseline, whereas unpaired presentations of odor and reward decrease odor preference below baseline; this suggests that odors can become predictive either of reward or of reward absence.
It reveals that paired presentations of an odor with a reward increase, whereas unpaired presentations of odor and reward decrease odor preference and can even lead to conditioned odor aversion; this poses a challenge to current models of how, neurobiologically, such learning comes about.
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At $5,000 per year, the reward increases to 4%.
There is little evidence on whether offering a reward increases the likelihood of a pet's return.
For example, we show that immigration into patches of low reward increases when the emigration probability in these patches increases.
We show that temporally distancing the decision task from the payment of the reward increases honest behavior.
Resistant at first, the women managers were more likely to prevaricate or lie in the negotiations as the financial reward increased.
In contrast to the weak responses that have been observed after short intervals (1-2 s), activations to reward increased steeply and linearly with the logarithm of the interval.
Duration of social activity per reward increased as a function of increasing FR value for full contact (P<0.001), but not for head contact.
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