In an IntEstim strategy, each arm is assigned an "optimistic reward estimate" within a certain confidence interval, e.g., 95%, and the arm with highest estimate is pulled [28].
There is some field evidence that bumblebees employ a win-stay, lose-shift strategy: when they consecutively experienced low reward volumes (estimated by measuring flower handling time as proxy) at one flower species, they were more likely to switch to another species (Chittka et al. 1997; but see Bar-Shai et al. 2011).
(C ) The reward rate loss (i.e., optimal model reward rate minus subject's reward rate) as estimated from the model (abscissa) is plotted against the loss predicted by the quadratic approximation used in the analysis in (A )–(B ), for each subject (ordinate).
Gould's reward was an estimated $11 million in profits, an absolutely staggering sum for the time".
And the Guggenheim will reap the rewards — the pieces' estimated value totals about $900,000, according to the auction Web site.
Culture is not a product that can be valued, estimated, rewarded, or disseminated like any other product; Anderson fundamentally understands the distinction.
This is further confirmed by the fact that reward prediction error signal estimated from both of our models does not indicate any significant changes during the switch from FR to PR reward structure (Figure 3).
And continued assistance to Chad, where a branch of Al Qaeda is active, was also said to be a reward for hosting an estimated 280,000 refugees from the Darfur region of Sudan.
Before computing the distance between estimated and reward rate-maximizing bounds, we projected bound parameter vectors into the eigenspace of this Hessian, corresponding to the orientations of decreasing curvature strength.
Somewhat akin to driving (albeit less complex), temporal discounting tasks require processing relational associations and estimating reward size and magnitude, cost benefit ratios, and timing.
