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Reviews applying statistical methods to indirectly compare the clinical effectiveness of two interventions using randomised controlled trials were eligible.
For reviews applying Rolland's typology, studies focusing on one specific diagnosis are advantageous.
We analyzed two contemporaneous systematic reviews, applying a stepwise approach to unravel their methods.
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Those reviews apply measures of quality, like patient improvement, patient satisfaction and cost reductions.
Interestingly, Song et al reported that 63% of reviews applied the adjusted method or naive approaches, where as only 20% of reviews compared multiple treatments simultaneously using meta-analysis.
Adequate statistical methods, that is, methods that preserved randomisation within trials, were applied in 41 reviews (95%): 23 reviews applied the adjusted method, six reviews used meta-regression, five reviews compared the overlap of confidence intervals, and seven reviews used significance tests.
Except for a review about sexual knowledge [ 67], all reviews applied behavioral criteria to determine program effectiveness.
This is most likely due to the fact that different reviews applied different inclusion criteria (for example some reviews also included studies with high-risk children).
Multiple-generic substitution increased this effect even more.[ The findings of these two reviews apply to our results in regard to both clinical and economic outcomes.
All relevant article titles and abstracts were independently screened and reviewed applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria (see below).
A comparative study was carried out by Wang et al. (2017a, Mater Des, under review) applying three-dimensional continuum and shell elements to explore the effect of through-thickness failure modes on energy absorption of the composite.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com