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(R) Reversed item.
Technical quality was operationalized based on 2 items by Vorhees and Brady [ 20] and 1 item by Maxham and Netemeyer [ 23]. * We only used data of the cases that provided answers to all items **7-point Likert-type scale used (Strongly Disagree [ 1] to Strongly Agree [ 7]) † R = reversed item In order to validate our constructs we made use of factor analysis.
Exceptionally, the coefficient of reversed item 11 was −0.11, showing little or no correlation between test and retest.
Steger et al. [ 15] stated that the reversed item was retained in the hope of discouraging automatic response sets.
This points to a discrepancy which poses questions about the possible influence of response styles involved in responding to the reversed item that could have caused DIF.
The first significant finding that warrants discussion is the poor performance of item 9 ("My life has no clear purpose"), the only reversed item in the MLQ-P scale.
Similar(50)
Self_assess2 and Self_assess4 are reversed items.
After recoding reversed items, scores were summed to get an overall BIS score and BIS subscale scores for the three impulsivity factors: Attention, Motor, and Nonplanning.
* Reversed items.
Reversed items were converted for scoring.
Items indicated with an asterisk are reversed items For parent and teacher versions, most items showed satisfactory factor loadings >0.40 ≤0.70.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com