Screening for short-tailed mutants revealed essential roles for prickle and laminin α3/4/5 in notochord cell polarity and convergence (Jiang et al. 2005; Veeman et al. 2008).
Recent technologies that aimed to elucidate cellular function have revealed essential roles for RNA molecules in living systems.
These studies revealed essential roles for centrins and the γ-, δ-, ε- and η-tubulins in assembly or as specific signals for centriole duplication.
Analysis of phospho-mimicking and non-phosphorylatable mutants of TUB4 revealed essential functions for the phosphorylation sites S74, S100 and S360.
Genetic analysis has revealed essential roles for SUMO in the survival and development of organisms ranging in complexity from yeast to mammals [2] [4].
Our study has revealed essential roles for ILK in NCC migration and SMC differentiation within the OFT.
Recent studies have revealed essential roles for Syk in the inflammasome production of cytosolic Nlrp3 (NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3) [ 58, 59].
By overcoming the mid-gestation lethality of full Nrp1-null mice, homozygous Nrp1 Y297A/Y297A mice revealed essential roles for NRP1 in postnatal angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in the heart and retina, pathological neovascularisation of the retina and angiogenesis-dependent tumour growth.
This analysis revealed essential genes responsible for stamen development, including pollen development and pollen tube elongation, and allowed their functional classification.
