Two common functional neuroimaging research objectives include detecting brain regions that reveal task-related alterations in measured brain activity (activations) and identifying highly correlated brain regions that exhibit similar patterns of activity over time (functional connectivity).
Therefore this approach may reveal task-related shifts in embedded rest phases.
Notably, the functionally interacting portions of the brain that were demonstrated in the absence of specific tasks ("task-free") correspond to a large extent to those regions that reveal "task-induced" coactivations in task-based functional MRI [ 9].
Various studies of hand usage revealed task specific differences [ 25, 30, 66].
fMRI revealed task-related activation in regions known to contribute to the control of movement including the left primary sensorimotor cortex and right cerebellum.
The results revealed task-relevant posterior brain regions to be modulated during this period: activation in task-relevant stimulus-specific regions was selectively enhanced and their functional connectivity to task-relevant anterior brain regions strengthened (right FFA – face task, right IPSnum – number task) while participants prepared for the cued task.
Although the analysis revealed task-specific frontoparietal networks, it consistently showed that hypometabolism in one region in the left lateral prefrontal cortex the inferior frontal junction area was related to performance in the various neuropsychological tests.
In support for this view, coherence estimates of intracranial recordings in monkeys have revealed task-related long-range interactions between cortical regions in several different tasks (attention, motor preparation/decision) and in multiple frequency bands [Buschman and Miller, 2007; Pesaran et al., 2008; Gregoriou et al., 2009].
These findings suggest that neuron pair synchrony may be distinct enough to reveal the task period–specific enhancement of synchrony over the effects of occlusion by noise.
As the findings reveal, telecollaboration tasks should conform to pedagogic task-based criteria, rather than to the more open and SLA-oriented CALL task appropriateness criteria proposed in Chapelle (2001).
A two (group) by three (task) ANOVA with repeated measures on the second factor revealed significant task (F = 263.59, p<0.001) and group (F = 9.24, p = 0.007) effects as well as a task by group interaction (F = 9.40, p = 0.003).
