The elk foundation, a group based in Montana, has campaigned to return wild elk to rural areas where they once roamed.
Modern Detroit is world-famous not for its mania but for its entropy: derelict skyscrapers, collapsing houses, abandoned husks of businesses and civic amenities, all of them slowly sinking into what he calls "urban prairie", a post-human landscape of returning wild plants and animals.
As last year's returning wild Pacific salmon headed upstream, scientists spawned a thought-provoking proposal about how taking less salmon might bring more benefits to both ecosystems and economies.
Returning wild- and hatchery-born coho adults were crossed at the Chehalis Hatchery (Fig. 1) during the winter of 2006/2007 to create pure-hatchery-genotype, pure-wild-genotype and hybrid-genotype offspring (Fig. 2).
Number returning fish includes all returning wild individuals from the sea, but excluding precocious male parr.
Returning wild adults from the upper Yakima population were collected for broodstock from 1997 to 2002 as they passed the Roza Dam Adult Monitoring Facility (Roza Dam, Fig. 1).
However, because of low numbers of returning wild fish each year, this system used an average of 10% wild fish and 90% hatchery fish as broodstock over the years for which RRS was calculated.
We determined the age distribution of emigrating smolts on the American River based on scales analyzed for 99 returning wild adults sampled during spawning at Nimbus Hatchery during the winters of 2001 through 2005.
For a single generation, Araki et al. (2007b) compared the reproductive success of returning, wild adults to that of local hatchery adults and of adults from a nonlocal ('traditional') hatchery strain raised under hatchery conditions for several generations.
Although the messenger RNA for IL-4 remained elevated until end stage disease, IL-10 returned to wild-type levels at 20 weeks and was suppressed below wild-type levels at end stage disease.
