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As obstruction is chronic, several venous collateral pathways usually develop, allowing blood to return to the right atrium.
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Deoxygenated blood from the tissues returns to the right atrium via a large vein, the vena cava, and is pumped to the pulmonary capillary bed through the pulmonary artery.
After passing through the oxygenator, blood is returned to the right atrium via the return cannula (Fig. 2).
Blood then becomes enriched with oxygen, has carbon dioxide removed, and is returned to the right atrium.
He showed that, over a wide range, the heart ejected whatever volume of blood the system returned to the right atrium.
An oblique bridging channel forms between the left and right anterior cardinal veins, which shifts systemic venous return to the right SVC and into the right atrium.
Pressure is reduced in the capillaries (vessels of minute diameter) and is reduced further in the veins returning blood to the right atrium.
The filtered blood was returned straight to the right atrium through the other major lumen with an opening at the distal tip of the catheter.
During the 8th week of development, the left innominate vein forms an oblique bridging connection between the right and left anterior cardinal veins, resulting in the shift of systemic venous return to the right superior vena cava (SVC) and into the right atrium.
In either case the drainage cannula is advanced to the distal inferior vena cava (IVC) and the return cannula is advanced to the right atrium [14].
Atrial septal defects and partially anomalous pulmonary venous returns to systemic veins or directly to the right atrium result in left-to-right shunting, which when significant, leads to right atrial and ventricular enlargement and pulmonary artery dilatation.
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