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Ritchie took no retrospective responsibility for Lancaster overseeing England's elimination at the pool stage of their own World Cup last month, despite saying before the tournament that he would do exactly that.
There is retrospective responsibility, visible in blaming and liability, and prospective responsibility, important because we are creating futures all the time (Rip [1981], Grinbaum & Grove [2013]).
Visa said Wednesday that it has deposited $400 million into a litigation escrow account it had previously established under a retrospective responsibility plan.
Retrospective responsibility ("historic responsibility", Bovens 1998) is backward-looking, past-oriented, and essentially linked to the dimensions of imputation/ascription of responsibility and so to the dynamics of sanction, compensation or justification, which do belong to the passive idea of responsibility.
This article will likewise build first upon accounts of retrospective responsibility.
Although legal commentaries tend to focus on retrospective responsibility, Cane (2002) argues that prospective responsibility is equally important.
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Agency does not matter only when retrospective ascription of responsibility and the possible corresponding sanctions are concerned.
This combination of retrospective and prospective responsibility is intuitively plausible and captures participants' judgments in our empirical studies.
Retrospective (or historical) responsibility concerns issues of accountability for what has actually happened, and is the basis for blame and punishment.
Highlighting the prospective as well as retrospective components of responsibility attributions also cements the central role played by causal models which serve both a strong predictive purpose, and an explanatory and attributional role in human cognition.
It also parallels legal conceptions of responsibility, where theorists distinguish retrospective (historic) and prospective functions of legal responsibility (Cane, 2002).
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