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Consistent with the lax detection view, it has long been established that reasoners' online verbalizations and retrospective response justifications do not indicate that they are taking any traditional logical or probabilistic considerations into account during reasoning (e.g., [11], [12]).
Recall bias in questionnaires, especially among adolescents, may influence the retrospective response.
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A review of the validity of retrospective responses showed that such reports can be used, although responses concerning adverse conditions are likely to be substantially biased [ 72, 73].
Even where results were not statistically different, retrospective pretest responses were often rated lower than the original pretest responses, suggesting that students had overrated themselves on pretests in light of their new understanding in each learning domain.
Regarding limitations of the current study, one was its retrospective nature: responses were analyzed post-hoc rather than collecting data prospectively.
On the one hand, it was a retrospective analysis, thus response rates due to various chemotherapy lines are limited and cannot be compared with response rates of other prospective trials.
A detailed retrospective review of response outcomes for these patients was not performed for the current analysis.
UICC criteria for retrospective judgement of response, and may also be used to direct systemic endocrine therapy.
Retrospective analysis of response rate and median survival restricted to the patients whose tumours overexpress HER-2 at the highest levels (immunohistochemical score, 3+) had a response rate of 18% and a median survival of 16.4 months.
Since it was impossible to attain some of the clinical variables in this retrospective review, the response may be correlated with other factors that were not considered in this study.
The quantity of microorganisms and their released protein together can indicate efficiency of an anaerobic digester, which is normally, from an engineering retrospective, a direct response to operational parameter(s).
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