Sentence examples for retrospective interference from inspiring English sources
However, due to the possibility of retrospective interference effects caused by the presence of an experimenter, a study in which the experimental manipulations are conducted using an automated procedure might be necessary to provide a definite answer regarding whether the 'guilty look' is shown outside of a scolding event and if so, which cues trigger this specific behaviour in dogs.
Studies that have shown an interference effect in retrospective timing used a distractor task that was chosen specifically for its high difficulty level.
However, many previous binding paradigms cannot exclude the possibility that retrospective binding results from bottom-up interference of sensory outcome processing with action awareness and is functionally unrelated to the processing of the action – outcome association.
Brown's results show that the interference effect can be observed in retrospective timing as long as the concurrent task requires sufficient attentional resources.
This question goes beyond the purpose of this study, which was to distinguish between bottom-up interference and model-based inference in retrospective binding, and requires attention in future studies.
Therefore, these studies cannot exclude the possibility that a retrospective shift of subjective action time is due to bottom-up interference with action awareness or, at a lower level, with the integration of the visual information of the Libet clock.
This earlier retrospective finding gives some support to the notion that a deficient ability to resist interference from irrelevant material in working memory may set people at risk for persistent intrusions in the aftermath of a stressful or traumatic event.
In summary, we demonstrate that retrospective action awareness results from a model-based, top-down process, rather than from bottom-up interference with action awareness.
We performed a retrospective review of a consecutive series of 88 patients receiving open subpectoral biceps tenodesis with either interference screw fixation (34 patients) or suture anchor fixation (54 patients).
Any difference in retrospective binding between conditions of variable and fixed outcome timing would reflect an influence of context, rather than any bottom-up interference with action awareness.
