Sentence examples for retrospective elements from inspiring English sources
Retrospective elements to observational studies, for example retrospectively identifying patients or retrospective data collection (as in case control studies) introduces an additional level of bias and are therefore often used for more descriptive studies or hypothesis generation that can then be studied in a prospective observational study.
It may oppose the retrospective elements of Morrison's super reforms.
Design: Cross-sectional study with some retrospective elements.
A campaign to overturn the retrospective elements of the act continues with some of the affected claiming financial hardship as a result of its introduction.
Well, you could actually make the argument, at a stretch, that the government's changes do have retrospective "elements" (using a very generous definition of retrospective), so the IPA isn't completely bonkers.
The two issues that have hogged the headlines – the company tax cuts and the allegedly retrospective elements of the superannuation crackdown – are among the most unpopular measures, suggesting Labor has framed the budget for the government with its criticisms of both measures.
The Greens have concerns about the bill in general, and the retrospective element specifically.
The changes include adding a retrospective element to the legislation, which would apply as far back as 10 years for people who have been charged with serious offences and sentenced to more than 10 years in jail.
Gauke confirmed to the Observer: "We tabled an amendment on the retrospective element of this clause which closed down an avoidance scheme" but he stressed it was simply a parliamentary manoeuvre to gain clarification.
This was highlighted in original the IID Study where the retrospective element of the study estimated disease incidence at 0.55 episodes per person per year and the prospective element at 0.19 [ 10].
However, unless they incorporate a retrospective element into their design, they are unable to distinguish between cause and effect and therefore are inappropriate for the measurement of effectiveness and health economic outcomes associated with an intervention.
