The tests show that the specimen with the minimum level of retrofit, which had the smallest angle, minimum number of cross ties, and lowest rate of prestressing, with no stiffeners, has performed well.
This classification suggests that different levels of detail are required for the analysis of retrofit designs, spanning from operational-level assessment to supply chain-level evaluation.
It is concluded that both X-bracing and knee-bracing systems may be used to design or retrofit for a damage-level earthquake.
Three different systems are investigated and results of accelerated testing are used to provide predictive equations for long-term performance of the material, which are then used to analyze effectiveness at the level of seismic retrofit through four specific cases.
The results show that, while the occupant behaviour influences the heating loads up to 1/3 in case of high level of building retrofit, the less the building is renovated, the higher is the behavioural impact in absolute terms of energy reduction.
In all the scenarios, the renovation of the district heating network is included; the difference among them is related to the level of buildings retrofit.
In terms of human resources, we're looking for lawyers, bankers, teachers, agricultural advisers, doctors and midwives, research scientists and engineers, energy experts who can retrofit old buildings to high levels of sustainability, specialists in water resource management, plus thousands of construction workers.
Great models for jobs programs are emerging at the local level, like the building retrofit program with local hiring and other equity requirements that the City of Los Angeles established under pressure from the Apollo Alliance.
In the present work, the effect on the strength of beam-column joints initially stressed to three different stress levels, retrofitted with CFRP jackets has been presented.
The efficiency of the retrofit techniques was checked at the structural level through four-point bending tests on eight slabs of 500 × 200 × 2000 mm3.
