Hence, across participants each retrieval word pair was equally often presented as an intact and as a broken retrieval word pair.
Our experimental paradigm was designed to tease apart activation related to word retrieval, word recognition, and articulation.
Crucially, the word generation tasks of Brown et al. as well as the reading/repetition tasks of Church et al. differ in terms of demands in lexical retrieval: word generation requires lexical retrieval, but word repetition and reading do not.
Hippocampal activity distinguished between intact and broken retrieval word pairs in both controls and in the three well performing patients following nine encoding trials (Fig. 4).
However, since the processing of subliminal words must have been equal between the 'related' and 'unrelated' condition, subliminal word encoding was subtracted out leaving signal differences due to the processing of the supraliminal retrieval word.
We computed a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the within-subjects factors Retrieval Condition (intact versus broken retrieval word pairs) and Encoding Intensity (one versus nine encoding trials).
The key initial neuropsychometric deficits in lvPPA have been described as impaired phonological working memory (poor digit span, sentence repetition and sentence comprehension) and impaired word retrieval (word-finding difficulties in spontaneous speech and anomia).
Hence, medial prefrontal cortex may have mediated the reactivation of subliminally encoded semantic relations (schemas) and the detection of analogous semantic relations in intact retrieval word pairs (van Kesteren et al., 2012).
(1999; and previously, in Shavelson, 1972) suggests that retrieval of words and concepts from long-term memory through word association reflects the cognitive structure for how students relate concepts.
The Verbal Paired Associates subtest of the WMS-R requires the conscious relational encoding and retrieval of words and hence matches the computational demands of our word pair task that assesses unconscious relational encoding and retrieval.
