Furthermore, we examined whether brain regions recruited during the retrieval of action knowledge would overlap with those implicated in semantic control in both group analyses and at the single-subject level.
As emotion word elicited motor activation suggests the retrieval of action knowledge in abstract emotion word processing, these results contribute to the long-standing debate about the nature of the meaning of words typically used to speak about inner states of the body.
M1 activity increased when TMS was applied 500 ms post-stimulus, only when participants performed the semantic task with hand-action verbs, suggesting that language-induced motor activation depends upon the explicit retrieval of the action content of the word.
This finding raises the possibility that orienting towards social agency information ("was it me or you?") during retrieval judgments engages mPFC-mediated cognitive processes that are not automatically elicited during retrieval of self-performed actions without a social element (cf. Nyberg et al. 2002).
The game features 51 missions that involve exterminations, retrieval of objects, and rearguard actions.
Instead, the goal-driven retrieval of both visual and action features in difficult trials recruited a network of regions implicated in controlled semantic processing (and, in many cases, other aspects of cognitive control), including LIFG, RIFG, medial PFC, pMTG and ventral temporal-occipital cortex.
Another type of learning is directly linked to the encoding and retrieval of representations of knowledge and actions in long term memory.
In the semantic task, participants were instructed to judge whether the presented verbs were action-related, which required explicit retrieval of the representation of the described physical actions.
In the case of action verbs, the retrieval of conceptual representations would lead to the implicit generation of the mental images associated with them that, in turn, activate M1 (e.g. [17] [19]).
The activation in both temporal and parietal lateral areas was more pronounced in the Check task, which required action-related retrieval of function, than in the Identity task, which required only object recognition (see Figure 4).
