Although Network Rail has offered retraining and redeployment guarantees, Cash said he was "in no doubt that this leaves operations and maintenance members extremely vulnerable".
Community-based approaches take time to yield positive results: Community health staff training, retraining, programme monitoring, modifying and problem solving usually must occur in several complete cycles over a period of months to a year or two before the programme can be seen to be fully understood, integrated and accepted within communities, and for permanent behaviour change to take place.
This should include help those who are negatively affected by innovation, for example people whose jobs are made redundant by automation – including through opportunities for retraining and upskilling," it states.
Your job is to think about those workers who get laid off, and how are we paying for their retraining.
A community college is retraining car- and steelworkers for jobs with drug and device manufacturers.
Ragu Rajan indicates that this kind of structural explanation could be behind most current unemployment, and he therefore emphasises the importance of retraining.
He is said to be far less keen on community policing and retraining in human-rights issues.Mr Jemibewon insisted this week that police reform was going ahead.
Retraining the heroes of the proletariat is hard, too.
In a country where career-switching and later retraining are rare, missing the early rungs on the economic ladder can be life-blighting.
MOOCs' flexibility appeals to older people who need retraining: edX, another provider, says that the median age of its online students in America is 31.
The answer must be a gradual, but certain, phase-out of protection coupled with a simultaneous and substantial adjustment and retraining programme.
