Sentence examples for retinal rod from inspiring English sources
Dim-light vision is mediated by retinal rod cells.
Rhodopsin is embedded in the lipid bilayer of specialized disk membranes in the outer segments of retinal rod photoreceptor cells where it transmits a light-stimulated signal.
In addition to their intrinsic response, inner retinal ipRGCs receive inputs from outer retinal rod and cone photoreceptors [1], [11], [27].
Outer retinal rod and cone photoreceptor inputs control the initial light constriction of the pupil [10], [11], [12] and the reported circadian characteristics of the pupil light reflex driven by the outer retina are inconsistent [13], [14], [15], [16], [17].
In this study, we generated two different transgenic Xenopus tadpoles driving XCLΔQ expression in a cell type-specific manner, targeting expression to the retinal rod photoreceptor cells (XOP-XCLΔQ-GFP) or cone photoreceptor cells (CAR-XCLΔQ-GFP).
The short-latency component appeared to be derived from the direct photosensitive response of the RGCs, whereas the long-latency component was dependent on the retinal rod photoreceptor cells.
We suggest that this mechanism for reducing response fluctuations may be a contributing factor in making the single photon responses of vertebrate retinal rods so remarkably reproducible.
Adaptations to night vision include the large size of the eye, its tubular shape, large numbers of closely packed retinal rods, and an absence of cone cells, since rod cells have superior light sensitivity.
These similarities suggest that retinal rod-cone interactions contribute substantially to perceptual interactions; this similarity motivated investigation of where and how the retinal interactions occur.
While the arrestin1/4 are localized only in the retinal rods and cones, the arrestin2/3 (β-arrestin1/2) are expressed ubiquitously.
The demonstrated capability of three dimensional characterization of the intensity profile in the vicinity of the fiber tip allows optimization of light delivery efficiency into retinal rods.
