In a multivariate analysis examining both student and teaching factors, the use of simulators within the teaching method was the single significant factor influencing catheter insertion scores both at index examination and retention testing.
Cognition was assessed with the mini-mental state examination, Benton visual retention test, 39 and the digit span test.
When all 13 conventional risk variables were included in the model (M1), significant predictors of 10 year incident dementia included age, physical function, cognition (mini-mental state examination, Benton visual retention test, and digit span), and apolipoprotein e4 allele status (table 2).
*Model 1 includes age, sex, educational attainment, physical function (impairment in activities of daily living), cognition function (mini-mental state examination, Benton visual retention test, and digit span), health (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and systolic blood pressure), lifestyle (smoking and alcohol use) and apolipoprotein e4 status.
Digit S., Digit Symbol Substitution test; Benton VR, Benton Visual Retention test; MMSE, mini mental state examination.
For cognitive decline, three different tests were considered: the mini-mental state examination, 34 the Benton visual retention test, 35 and the Isaacs set test.
A significant positive correlation was also observed between catheter score at index examination and scores at the retention test four weeks later (p = 0.0001, r = 0.91, Figure 5c).
Despite this however, the same group significantly overestimated their confidence in catheter insertion at index examination compared to actual confidence measured four weeks later by retention testing.
Teaching method and catheter score at index examination were found to be significantly associated with catheter scores at retention testing (p = 0.001, 0.000).
Retention testing at four weeks was chosen as students were simultaneously undergoing end of year examinations.
