The scheme's limited success has been attributed to a lack of accommodation, short timeframe for retention allowances, and eligibility criteria, which until 2007 only included doctors [ 29].
The scheme has had limited success due to accommodation shortages, a short timeframe for retention allowances and eligibility criteria that until 2007 included only doctors, though it has since been extended to include nurses and nurse tutors [ 23].
These include financial allowances to attract and retain health workers such as the rural location/hardship allowance, the public sector retention allowance and the accommodation allowance.
The current City Health Council salaries and benefits are reported to be three times the MoHCW ones (inclusive of the retention allowance) [ 34].
Other financial incentives include a retention allowance for university graduates, a uniform maintenance allowance (for nurses), an allowance for housing, and a salary top-up from the Churches Health Association of Zambia (CHAZ), a religious organization, for those working in their institutions.
cThe country analyses were based on a protocol written by R Scheffler in consultation with WHO, aimed at understanding the health labour dynamics and productivity in low- and middle-income countries [ 18]. dIn Zambia, health workers receive a recruitment and retention allowance of 25% of their basic monthly salary; those in rural areas also receive a 20 25% rural and remote hardship allowance.
The strategies with the lowest participation were the child education and car loan components of the ZHWRS, the graduate retention allowance, and the rural professional development priority, with fewer than 5% of respondents indicating that they had participated in these strategies.
Moreover, mission facilities and municipal facilities, while they share the same base salaries as the MoHCW facilities, are able to provide higher retention payments and allowances, leading to a new form of internal migration.
Strategies to address human resource deficits have centred around staff retention (through incentives such as allowances, salary top-ups, and better working conditions) and retraining, including shifting as many tasks as possible away from doctors, nurses and pharmacists to non-clinical staff, enabling clinical staff to concentrate on their specific areas of expertise [ 3, 5, 7].
He also highlighted the retention of this year's scampi catch allowance in Northern Ireland next year.
Ad libitum access to starter further increased weight gain and N retention and no interaction with milk allowance level occurred.
