However, in doses 3 5 times higher ticagrelor had a negative effect on liver and skeletal development, caused intrauterine growth retardation, and after birth reduced offspring vitality and caused retardation of development.
Histologic abnormalities in the mammary gland, such as retardation of development, incomplete involution after lactation, and dysplastic squamous and alveolar lesions, have been found in half of MMTV– CK2α transgenic mice [ 34].
Patients with CHARGE syndrome (where CHARGE stands for coloboma of the iris or retina, heart defects or cardiac malformations, atresia/stenosis of the choanae, retardation of growth and development, genital anomalies, and ear abnormalities) present several orofacial anomalies.
Inducible expression systems are essential for the expression of toxic proteins and are very convenient for proteins that induce strong side effects such as retardation of growth or development.
To evaluate whether central adrenal insufficiency (CAI) is present in CHARGE (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth and/or development, Genital hypoplasia, and Ear abnormalities, including deafness) syndrome, a complex malformation disorder that includes central endocrine dysfunction.
As noted above, retardation of growth and development has been demonstrated for atrazine in previous studies.
High temperature disturbs cellular homeostasis in plants and can lead to severe retardation of growth and development and even death.
Lisenka Vissers (Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre) highlighted two characteristic examples of disease-causing gene identification through deletion mapping strategies, for CHARGE syndrome (coloboma, heart malformation, atresia of choanae, retardation of growth and development, genital hypoplasia, ear abnormality including deafness) and 9q34 microdeletion syndrome.
CHARGE syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome with variable occurrence of Coloboma, Heart defects, Atresia of choanae, Retardation of growth or development, Genital hypoplasia, and Ear abnormalities and deafness.
In the present study, retardation of growth and development was more severe when atrazine was combined with other pesticides (e.g., S-metolachlor), and the nine-pesticide mixture had the most severe impact.
CHARGE syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterised by Coloboma, Heart defects, Atresia of choanae, Retardation of growth and/or development, Genital hypoplasia, and Ear anomalies often associated with deafness.
