Fröhlich's syndrome, also called Adiposogenital Dystrophy, rare childhood metabolic disorder characterized by obesity, growth retardation, and retarded development of the genital organs.
Phenotypically, Fbxw8 −/− embryos show intrauterine growth retardation and abnormal development of the placenta.
Interestingly, recent clinical studies have shown a correlation between intrauterine growth retardation and the development of attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and depression.
Our results showed a higher prevalence of mental retardation and delayed development among subjects with IDA, which was consistent with previous findings [ 31, 40, 41].
The main etiological agents, Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum [3], cause a severe diarrhea that has been associated with malnutrition, growth retardation, and impaired cognitive development in affected children [4], and death is common in immunocompromised patients [5], [6], [7].
Underweight children are also more susceptible to infectious diseases (malaria, pneumonia, diarrhea, etc)., and poor diet is associated with growth retardation and delayed mental development (22).
In both humans and mice, loss of IGF-1 action is manifested with severe intrauterine growth retardation and delayed bone development.
Patients with CHARGE syndrome (where CHARGE stands for coloboma of the iris or retina, heart defects or cardiac malformations, atresia/stenosis of the choanae, retardation of growth and development, genital anomalies, and ear abnormalities) present several orofacial anomalies.
As noted above, retardation of growth and development has been demonstrated for atrazine in previous studies.
High temperature disturbs cellular homeostasis in plants and can lead to severe retardation of growth and development and even death.
Lisenka Vissers (Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre) highlighted two characteristic examples of disease-causing gene identification through deletion mapping strategies, for CHARGE syndrome (coloboma, heart malformation, atresia of choanae, retardation of growth and development, genital hypoplasia, ear abnormality including deafness) and 9q34 microdeletion syndrome.
