Lead exposures either in utero, during infancy, or during childhood can result in delays or impairment of neurological development, neurobehavioral deficits, low birth weight and low gestational age, growth retardation, and delay maturation in girls [ 29, 45, 51].
Affected infants may also show growth retardation and delayed bone age [ 5].
Treatment with the compounds caused intrauterine growth retardation and delayed ossification with an apparently dose-related response pattern.
Underweight children are also more susceptible to infectious diseases (malaria, pneumonia, diarrhea, etc)., and poor diet is associated with growth retardation and delayed mental development (22).
It has been well recognized that hypothyroidism at early stages of life, such as congenital hypothyroidism, can cause various abnormalities including mental retardation and delayed myelination [ 2, 3].
In both humans and mice, loss of IGF-1 action is manifested with severe intrauterine growth retardation and delayed bone development.
Our results showed a higher prevalence of mental retardation and delayed development among subjects with IDA, which was consistent with previous findings [ 31, 40, 41].
The fundamental role of CREBBP is reflected by the severe phenotype of homozygous knockout mice, which die in utero with signs of defective blood vessel formation in the central nervous system, developmental retardation, and delays in both primitive and definitive haematopoiesis (Ref. 27).
While each patient with a deletion encompassing 3q24 has unique features, presumably related to differences in deletion breakpoints between patients, several common features are found: developmental delay, mental retardation, and growth delay including microcephaly [124] [126].
The typical symptoms include organomegaly, dysostosis multiplex, mental retardation and developmental delay.
The typical symptoms, encountered in the majority of MPS, include organomegaly, dysostosis multiplex, mental retardation and developmental delay.
