After NUC-1 is secreted and diffuses across its expression border into other regions of the embryo, it is likely retaken up by either phagocytes or apoptotic cells.
Altogether, these results indicate that NUC-1 is secreted and transported to, or diffuses to distant regions, where it is retaken up by cells to mediate DNA degradation.
This finding indicates that NUC-1 must be secreted and retaken up by cells in the anterior region of the embryo to mediate DNA degradation.
These results thus reveal a totally unexpected and previously uncharacterized mode of DNase II action: it is secreted from expressing cells and can travel a long distance and be retaken up by cells at distant sites to mediate DNA degradation.
Strikingly, we discover that NUC-1 is a secreted nuclease that can travel a long distance and be retaken up at distant sites to mediate DNA degradation in apoptotic cells.
Despite of their restricted and largely non-overlapping expression patterns, both CRN-6 and NUC-1 can mediate apoptotic DNA degradation in many cells, suggesting that they are likely secreted nucleases that are retaken up by other cells to exert DNA degradation functions.
This result suggests that NUC-1 synthesized in the pharynx must be secreted, travel more than half the distance of the animal's body length, and be retaken up by cells in the posterior ventral cord to mediate DNA degradation (see cartoon in Figure 5B).
Otherwise, it can be retaken up and converted back to AMP by adenosine kinase.
The accumulated GzmB was retaken up and transferred quickly back into the cytoplasm of invading killer cells through the mediation of endosomes marked by EEA1 on the membrane of these cells and triggered a GzmB-engaged apoptotic cell-in-cell death of killer cells inside the target cells.
It was suggested that during the exponential cell growth, cells excessively produced free acids 3HAs (such as 3HO, 3HD, etc)., which are secreted into medium and retake-up later for RLs syntheses (Choi et al. 2011).
The crew, at one point, worked on approximately 30 episodes at the same time: post-production for season 2, production for season 3 and pre-production for season 4. Some production steps, such as color correction and retakes, continued up until the date of the series finale, December 19, 2014.
