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Alternatively, the il-1 gene may have pleiotropic functions other than the iridophore development that are essential for retaining viability.
Obstacles to transformation of obligate intracellular pathogens include: DNA delivery while retaining viability of extracellular bacteria, efficient reintroduction of the transformed bacterial population into host cells, selection (given the limited number of antibiotics ethically applicable to a pathogen), and the limited efficiency of homologous recombination and transposition systems.
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Secondary dormancy remains an important characteristic in indica varieties, where seeds retain viability during hot, humid conditions between planting seasons.
Our study demonstrates that peloton-forming fungi in root samples can retain viability up to 3 weeks after collection.
Lyophilized recombinant Deinococcus cells retained viability and PhoN activity and could efficiently precipitate uranium from aqueous solutions for up to six months of storage at room temperature.
Our data are consistent with a model in which cells can retain viability if they are desiccated in such a way that cellular structures are maintained.
We also showed that MSCs could preserve their stem cell nature upon microencapsulation and easily be localized with retained viability upon in vivo implantation.
In cases where peloton extraction cannot be accomplished in a timely manner (1 4 days of collection), our study demonstrates that samples retain viability up to 3 weeks after collection.
In addition to vacuum, the rate of desiccation, the temperature at which cells are maintained, the degree of confluence when dried, and the presence or absence of light have a large effect on the ability to retain viability in the desiccated state.
HCV retains viability upon environmental exposure to room temperature and drying for at least sixteen hours [62].
If the missing essential nutrients are not replenished, there is a second stage of physiological adaptation, which includes the inhibition of growth and cell division, in order to retain viability.
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