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However, the proportion of undifferentiated colonies in the presence of active Akt is lower when compared to culture in the presence of LIF alone, suggesting that not every differentiated cell is capable of retaining stem cell like characteristics when exposed to active Akt in the absence of LIF [24].
This requires inherent asymmetry in stem cell lineages, with some daughter cells retaining stem cell identity while others become committed to differentiate (Rambhatla et al., 2001; Sherley, 2002; Simons and Clevers, 2011).
We will also discuss recent discoveries that have shaped the emerging viewpoints in the field, focusing on the following questions: (1) How are epigenetic pathways involved in retaining stem cell potential?; (2) How does a stem cell rapidly transition into a morphologically and molecularly distinct cell type, and is this event driven by epigenetic alterations?; (3) Is this process reversible?
Cancer stem cells (CSC s are undifferentiated cells that expand their colony through asymmetric cell division, the result of which is two daughter cell population, one being similar to the mother cells, retaining stem cell properties, while the other one is committed to undergo a specified differentiation [ 1].
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The stem cell gene expression and mutation results obtained in this study support the model that through the acquisition of genetic mutations, breast stem cells obtain malignant capacities, while retaining stem cell-associated functions.
The cancer stem cell hypothesis predicts that the chemotherapy-resistant ALDHhigh cells should retain stem cell activity.
The 'central cells' were more likely to retain stem cell capacity compared with the 'border cells'.
This results in tumors that are driven by a cellular subcomponent that retains stem cell properties.
At least some of their progeny has to retain stem cell function in order to maintain the stem cell pool.
Thus, Integrins are required in ISCs to ensure that only one of the daughter cells retains stem cell fate.
Division of an ISC gives rise to one daughter cell that retains stem cell fate and another daughter cell that becomes an enteroblast (EB).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com