In the microarray context considered here, we wish to retain the traditional hypothesis testing view that the null hypothesis is the status quo.
The lack of statistical significance therefore reflects the reduced power of the ANOVA analysis compared to the regression analysis; using the ANOVA analysis, we would falsely retain the null hypothesis that fluoxetine has no effect on this behavioural test (Type II error).
In the case of safety biomarkers, we wanted to retain the null hypotheses, therefore the use of a more stringent Bonferroni p-value adjustment threshold (p-value <0.0023) for testing 22 independent immune markers would likely be non-conservative, resulting in false negatives.
If, stop and retain the remaining hypotheses.
So, the physiotherapist decided to perform a lung ultrasound examination to retain the more likely hypothesis.
Note that we have not shown that ordering the subjects by their pseudo-data means is optimal for purposes of retaining the null hypothesis that the prediction rate reflects mere capitalization on chance.
We retained the normality hypothesis for CD4+/CD8+ ratios and the distributions of all lymphocyte percentages except for NK cells that were log-transformed.
We used species rank-abundance distributions to test the hypothesis that assemblages would retain the same structure under different levels of temporal variability, as expected under neutrality.
This would allow us to capture their behavior as described in other biological and modeling studies [ 20, 21, 23, 24] and retain the ability to test different hypotheses regarding their role in neurodegeneration.
It is, however, difficult to retain this hypothesis here while very few patients had good synchrony.
