More generally, institutional investors' incentives are driven by the competitiveness of their retail funds vis-à-vis their competitors and by the profit margin each fund generates.
Vision 2030's goal to broaden Saudi economic competitiveness in many sectors — retail, renewables, defense, finance, tourism, health care, education — would be good for the country.
This is the less visible side of retail, but it's key to the competitiveness of the business.
Miguel's research is concentrated on two interrelated areas under the umbrella of food marketing and distribution: 1) supply chains competitiveness and sustainability and 2) retailing and channel relationships.
As for Mr Vendola, he prefers to talk of splitting investment from retail banking and taxing the rich than of competitiveness and reducing unit labour costs.A better result would thus be one in which Mr Bersani and his more left-leaning colleagues ally with Mr Monti out of necessity, not merely for show, giving the former European commissioner greater influence.
Creative competitions involve varying degrees of competitiveness.
The design of the procurement process, economic conditions, and other electricity policies such as rate caps, retail switching and financial swaps can contribute to the competitiveness in the wholesale market as well as retail prices.
More important, its real impact on the U.S. economy can only be measured when we consider its multiplier effect when it comes to jobs and competitiveness in other sectors such as high-tech, telecommunications, wholesale and retail, finance, and accounting.
Victoria Kwakwa, the World Bank's country director, has said the government should not get "sidetracked" by the short-term rebound, but focus instead on "the fundamental constraints to the economy's competitiveness".That means micro reforms such as opening up the telecoms and retail industries to foreign competition.
This would mean a transformation in the retail, supply chain and manufacturing sectors, says Professor John Bryson, professor in enterprise and competitiveness at the University of Birmingham.
