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The early method of cultivating the foot-and-mouth virus was to apply it to the tongue of a live cow and harvest the multiplied cells from the resulting virus pustules.
The attenuation of the resulting virus is assessed in a relevant model, and if it is either over- or under-attenuated, then the mutation may be modified or additional mutations may be added.
The resulting virus particles have a regular protein composition and no changes in their morphology were obvious by electron microscopy, but their hemolytic activity is reduced indicating a defect in membrane fusion.
The peptide/VSV-G fusion envelope variants did not compromise the transduction efficiency of the resulting virus except when lacking any flexible linkers separating the peptide from the VSV-G envelope.
Fouchier's group worked with the H5N1 avian influenza strain; Kawaoka took the gene for hemagglutinin (HA) from that virus which he says was his key interest and placed it in the H1N1 virus that caused the 2009 pandemic; he then set out to find out which changes make the resulting virus more easily transmissible among ferrets.
Here we have further studied the CA determinants of Mo-MLV host range, with an emphasis on identifying additional CA residues and unique combinations of CA residues which differentially influence the ability of the resulting virus to infect murine and human cells.
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Cells were grown for 72 h, and the resulting viruses were used to infect P4 cells in the presence of increasing drug concentrations.
The resulting virus-like particles (VLPs), which appear similar to empty virions, can be used in serological studies to test for type specific immunological responses to viral capsid proteins, although there is evidence that a particular assay may cross react with related HPV subtypes (Combita et al, 2002b).
Unlike mutation of the p300 binding site, the resulting viruses have increased activity.
The resulting viruses, designated MV-hE A and MV-hE A, were subsequently rescued anddescribed elsewhere [ 29].
pSuper.retro.puro vectors encoding shRNAs (Supplementary data) were transfected into plat E cells and the resulting viruses were used to infect X-GFP MEFs.
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